Trace Mineral Nutrition in Warm water fish
Precision nutrition is essential to the growth and health of warm water fish and the sustainability of fish production. The cost of feed represents the largest portion of the overall cost of fish production. At the same time, unutilised nutrients from uneaten feed build up in closed culture systems, such as ponds, resulting in deteriorating water quality. Precision nutrition in aquaculture entails knowing the precise amount and types of nutrients and the supply of feed (precision feeding) required for the target species and considering the species-specific needs, growth stages and environmental culture conditions. By using more digestible and bioavailable ingredients, accurate feed formulations and optimal nutrient ratios, precision nutrition helps to maximise fish growth, improve feed efficiency, and increase sustainability by minimising the loss of nutrients into the environment.